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2021年研究生入学统一考试 英语（二）模拟卷三
关键字： 会计，审计硕士，图书情报
时间：2020.12.04
2021年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试
英语（二）模拟卷三
（科目代码：204）
考生注意事项1. 答题前，考生须在试题册指定位置上填写考生编号和考生姓名；在答题卡指定位置上填写报考单位、考生姓名和考生编号，并涂写考生编号信息点。
2. 选择题的答案必须涂写在答题卡相应题号的选项上，非选择题的答案必须书写在答题纸指定位置的边框区域内，写在其它地方无效。
3. 填（书）写部分必须使用黑色字迹签字笔或钢笔书写，涂写部分必须使用2B铅笔填涂。
4. 考试结束，将答题卡和试题册一并装入试题袋中交回。
Section Ⅰ Use of English
Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Recent research makes the case that being forgetful can be a strength. ___1___, selective memory can even be a sign of stronger intelligence. Traditional research on memory has ___2___ on the advantages of remembering everything. But looking ___3___ years of recent memory data, researchers Paul Frankland of the University of Toronto found that the neurobiology of forgetting can be just ___4___ important to our decision-making as what our minds choose to remember.
The goal of memory is not the ___5___ of information through time. ___6___, the goal of memory is to optimize decision-making. As such, transience is as important as ___7___ in the memory systems, their study in Neuron states. Making intelligent decisions does not mean you need to have all the information ___8___；it just means you need to ___9___to the most valuable information. And that means ___10___ up space in your memory palace for the most up-to-date information on clients and situations. Our brains do this by ___11___ new nerves, which have the power to overwrite existing memories that are influencing our decision-making.
If people are trying to cope with ___12___ situations and their brain is constantly bringing up multiple conflicting memories, that makes it harder for them to make a ___13___ decision. When people forget the names of certain clients and details about old jobs, their brain is making a choice that these details do not ___14___. Although too much forgetfulness can be a cause for ___15___, the occasional lost detail can be a ___16___ of a perfectly healthy memory system. The researchers found that people’s brains ___17___ decision-making by stopping them from focusing too much on minor past details. ___18___, the brain promotes generalization, helping us remember the most important point of a conversation.
People can get criticized for being absent-minded when they forget past events in perfect detail. These findings show that total recall can be ___19___. People’s brains are working smarter when they aim to remember the ___20___ stories, not every story.
| 1. A. In fact | B. Now that | C. Except that | D. In contrast |
| 2. A. depended | B. focused | C. counted | D. insisted |
| 3. A. up | B. out | C. for | D. through |
| 4. A. so | B. as | C. such | D. much |
| 5. A. duplication | B. extraction | C. acquisition | D. transmission |
| 6. A. Otherwise | B. However | C. Rather | D. Meanwhile |
| 7. A. consistence | B. persistence | C. instant | D. moment |
| 8. A. off hand | B. by hand | C. in hand | D. at hand |
| 9. A. hold | B. turn | C. access | D. take |
| 10. A. locking | B. making | C. clearing | D. taking |
| 11. A. updating | B. generating | C. utilizing | D. maintaining |
| 12. A. decisive | B. simple | C. primary | D. complex |
| 13. A. misleading | B. wrong | C. pleasant | D. sensible |
| 14. A. match | B. work | C. matter | D. merge |
| 15. A. mistake | B. failure | C. misconduct | D. mistrust |
| 16. A. sign | B. sigh | C. matter | D. thing |
| 17. A. obstruct | B. facilitate | C. suppress | D. confirm |
| 18. A. Though | B. Hence | C. Moreover | D. Unless |
| 19. A. overrated | B. neglected | C. stressed | D. denied |
| 20. A. only | B. whole | C. right | D. entire |
Section Ⅱ Reading Comprehension
Part A
Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1
The World Bank,International Telecommunications Union (ITU), Global System for Mobile Telecommunications Association (GSMA), and the World Economic Forum (WEF). have called for increased bandwidth, congestion management across the globe in this period of COVID-19 pandemic. According to them, text messaging is saving lives and curbing the spread of the pandemic. Contact tracing apps will help manage the spread and ease confinement that is crippling economies. And new technologies like artificial intelligence will help understand and tackle this virus head on.
None of these things, according to them, are possible, however, without resilient networks that power digital connectivity. Based on this, four bodies have launched an accelerated action plan to better leverage digital technologies and infrastructure in support of citizens, governments and businesses during the COVID-19 pandemic. The aim of the plan is to put forward immediate priority areas for private-public collaboration that can be taken by governments in partnership with the private sector. The action plan comes out of a high-level virtual roundtable held last week with finance and information and communication technology (ICT) ministers, ICT regulators, CEOs of telecom and technology companies from around the world.
Together, the group agreed that private-public sector collaboration will be essential to respond to the crisis to ensure networks are well-equipped to handle an exponential increase in digital traffic, help countries future-proof their digital capabilities and infrastructure, and ensure access to digital services for the most vulnerable populations. Director of the ITU Telecommunication Development Bureau, Doreen Bogdan-Martin, said it is a credit to the world’s ICT community that the huge surge in traffic caused by COVID-19 has not crippled our connectivity, “but let us also remember that the power to stay connected remains a huge privilege.”
ITU figures reveal that 3.6 billion people remain totally cut-off from the Internet. Billions more struggle with connectivity that is woefully insufficient. “COVID-19 has thrown into sharp relief the connectivity chasm we call the digital divide. And it has refocused our minds on why bridging this chasm and bringing affordable access to all is so crucially important to ensuring no-one is left behind.” The leaders identified immediate priority areas for private-public collaboration that can be taken by governments in partnership with the private sector, starting now. These areas formed the basis of the new action plan to maintain connectivity during the COVID-19 crisis, and to catalyze sustained collaboration between the public and private sectors to increase internet access beyond the current crisis.
The call for action seeks to pursue five key objectives, which includes increase bandwidth, strengthen resilience and security of networks, and manage congestion; connect vital services and ensure the continuity of public services to safeguard the welfare of populations; power FinTech and digital business models to support the most impacted businesses and communities. Others are to promote trust, security and safety online,and leveraging the power of mobile big data. The action plan also includes specific operational responses in the immediate-term (0-3 months) and short-term (3-6 month) in five areas.
[A] will save lives and suppress the spread of the pandemic
[B] will increase the bandwidth and manage the congestion
[C] will help ease the constraints of economic paralysis
[D] will help directly recognize and combat the virus
22. Why does the group of the four bodies attach importance to private-public sector
collaboration?
[A] Because it will offer a huge surge in digital traffic.
[B] Because it will handle exponential growth in digital traffic.
[C] Because it will soon wipe out digital divide.
[D] Because it will help countries access to digital services.
23. The word “chasm”(Line 4,Paragraph 4) in the context probably means ________.
[Al gap [B] gulf [C] crack [D] blank
24. Which of the following can be inferred from Paragraph 4?
[A] It is unwise to sustain private-public sector collaboration.
[B] COVID-19 has increased the connectivity chasm.
[C] Only a small number of people are totally cut-off from the Internet.
[D] COVID-19 increases the private-public cooperation to a large extent.
25. Which of the following could be the best title for this text?
[A] Different Internet Strategies
[B] The Evolution of the Internet
[C] Seeking Increased Bandwidth, Congestion Management
[D] Excessive Demands Increase the Cost of the Internet
Text 2
Countries must creatively complement the use of fossil fuels and renewable energy in the interim pending when renewable energy can stand alone as major source of energy globally. This was the view of the Chief Executive Officer, Lekoil, Lekan Akinyanmi, while speaking on the side-lines of the World Economic Forum's yearly meeting at Davos.
Globally, there has been an increase in calls for reduction of fossil fuel consumption which environmentalists have indicted for greenhouse gas emission. “It is possible to keep an oil and gas company sustainable. The first thing we have got to do is to stop denying that there is an issue." Indeed, there is an issue, Akinyanmi said. “The change over from fossil fuel to alternative energy or cleaner fuels is a multi-decade or probably multi-century thing. The fossil fuel industry will still be relevant. What we need to do is to figure out ways to be responsible in the fossil fuel production and consumption process.” Historically, a lot of fossil fuel companies have produced oil and flared the gas. But it is actually the gas that is more efficient. It's friendlier to the environment, so we need to shift our attention there. From our perspective as Lekoil one of the things that helps us is that, a good chunk of our portfolio is actually gas so we are actually well on our way.
Energy analysts suggest that the renewable energy market will grow at a cumulative average growth rate of 7.6% between 2020 and 2025 to reach 3,812 gigawatts by 2025.Rising investment and improvement in technology has seen a drastic improvement in renewable energy output. Between 2020 and 2025, the United States and other developed countries are scaling up investments in renewable energy. However, The Asia Pacific region is emerging as the fastest-growing market for renewable energy globally, accounting for nearly 27% of the global market share, Within the Asia Pacific, China and India together form the leading renewable energy markets having almost 75% of the installed capacity of renewable energy.
I think we will make our way through this. Unfortunately, I think there is a lot of brinkmanship. “We actually do need an energy mix to solve the world’s energy problems. In the interim there will be discontinuities,the pendulum will swing both ways. But it is short- sighted to just ignore the fossil fuel industry and move to the renewable energy industry or vice versa. We need a portfolio that mixes both energy sources,” Akinyanmi said.
26. By referring to the view of Lekoil, Lekan Akinyanmi, the author intends ________.
[A] to bring up the topic of fossil fuels and renewable energy
[B] to explain why renewable energy are better than fossil fuels
[C] to pay special attention to the Chief Executive Officer
[D] to emphasize the importance of renewable energy
27. Which the following is true according to Paragraph 2?
[A] It is possible to replace fossil fuels with cleaner fuels now.
[B] Fossil fuels are more efficient and environmentally friendly.
[C] The perfect source of renewable energy has been found.
[D] Environmentalists hold that fossil fuels produce greenhouse gas.
28. It can be seen from the available statics in Paragraph 3 that ________.
[A] India has been the fastest-growing market for renewable energy globally
[B] the top two countries leading the renewable energy markets are in Asia
[C] the developed countries have benefited most from renewable energy
[D] India has ranked the highest in its growth rate of renewable energy
29. The authors attitude towards energy industry is ________.
[A] optimistic [B] subjective [C] gloomy [D] tolerant
30.Which of the following would be the best title of the text?
[A] Fossil Fuels May Be the Best Source of Energy Globally
[B] Ways of Continuing Using Fossil Fuels As the Major Source of Energy
[C] Fossil Fuels, Renewable Energy Will Continue to Play Complementary Roles
[D] Fossil fuels Going Nowhere, Renewable Energy Going Everywhere
Text 3
The national debate about divorce has generally focused on the worst outcomes, with many assuming there is no need to worry about the children of divorce who appear to be fine. But I can think of few other significant childhood experiences that our society treats in the same way. Many people survive wrenching childhood injury—child abuse, war, an alcoholic or drug-addicted parent—and nevertheless manage to become productive members of society. Yet no one would suggest that because they have survived the ordeal and now look “fine, their experience of child abuse, war, or addiction was apparently not that bad. On the contrary, our society sympathizes with these young people. It takes active steps to try to help them and to prevent other children, whenever possible, from growing up the same way.
Further, when our society asks only if a child has been hurt, and nothing more, it sets a very low bar for its expectations about children's lives. I'm a mother now. When I first held my daughter did I hope only that she would grow up and not be damaged? Of course not. Like all parents, my husband and I want to protect our children from suffering, but we also want them to thrive, to enjoy rich, loving relationships and have happy, successful futures. Parents do not set a low bar for their children, and neither should our society. Our society must do more than ask whether divorce causes clear and lasting damage to some children. It should also ask probing questions about how divorce shapes the lives of many children who experience it.
Just as most debates about children of divorce focus on the gravest and most obvious outcomes, most discussions about life in divorced families focus on the hot-button issue of conflict. Learning more about the conflicts between divorced parents is undeniably important. But an overriding emphasis on the issue of conflict has led to a troubling idea that has quickly gained credibility in our culture. In recent years, some experts have speculated that if couples divorce friendly and if both parents continue to share in raising the child, then perhaps the negative effects of divorce can be avoided. Experts urge parents, for the sake of their children, to aim for what some call a “good divorce.”
The idea of the “good divorce” is attractive to many. Some divorced parents are reassured because it suggests steps they can take to try to protect their children if they must end a very bad marriage. Other parents like the idea of a “good divorce” because it suggests they can end a marriage that may be okay but not completely satisfying and still do right by their children. Family court judges welcome it because they want to make arrangements that, whenever possible, keep both parents in the child's life, and they want to minimize conflict between those parents. Some therapists like the idea because they want to help these families and a “good divorce” gives them a role in teaching parents how to divorce.
31. What can we learn from the beginning of the passage?
[A] Our society attaches too much importance to the outcome of divorce.
[B] Our society is liable for the injury children are subjected to.
[C] We have not shouldered more responsibility for injury-inflicted children.
[D] We have shown enough concern for children of divorce.
32. In the author’s opinion, showing care for children means ________.
[A] rooting out possible causes of injury
[B] sympathizing with those in divorced families
[C] more than ensuring that they are not hurt
[D] ensuring that they grow up in an intact family
33. The idea of the “good divorce” ________.
[A] has inflicted more pain on children of divorce than a bad divorce
[B] is so far the most promising way to resolve family conflicts
[C] shows how social concern for children of divorce is put on the right track
[D] is in virtue of the attempt to minimize contradictions between parents
34. Some parents support the idea of the “good divorce” because ________.
[A] children will suffer less
[B] they feel less guilty for their divorce
[C] they save money by not going to court
[D] the pressure of their family burden becomes lighter
35. The passage is written to answer the question “________.”
[A] Who does not want a ‘good divorce’?
[B] What can a couple do to get a ‘good divorce’?
[C] Why is a ‘good divorce’ important to children?
[D] Why is a ‘good divorce’ no solution?
Text 4
Drones, originally developed for military purposes, weren't approved for commercial use in the United States until 2013. When that happened, it was immediately clear that they could be hugely useful to a whole host of industries—and almost as quickly, it became clear that regulation would be a problem. The new technology raised multiple safety and security issues, there was no consensus on who should write rules to mitigate those concerns, and the knowledge needed to develop the rules didn't yet exist in many cases. In addition, the little flying robots made a lot of people nervous.
Such regulatory, logistical, and social barriers to adopting novel products and services are very common. In fact, technology routinely surpasses society’s ability to deal with it. That's partly because tech entrepreneurs are often indifferent about the legal and social issues their innovations birth. Although electric cars are subsidized by the federal government, Tesla has run afoul of state and local regulations because it bypasses conventional dealers to sell directly to consumers. Facebook is only now facing up to major regulatory concerns about its use of data, despite being massively successful with users and advertisers.
It's clear that even as innovations bring unprecedented comfort and convenience, they also threaten old ways of regulating industries, running a business, and making a living. This has always been true. Thus early cars weren't allowed to go faster than horses, and some 19th-century textile workers used sledgehammers to attack the industrial machinery they feared would displace them. New technology can even upend social norms: Consider how dating apps have transformed the way people meet.
Interestingly, the same institutional disorder that pervades emerging industries such as drones and driverless cars is something I've also seen in developing countries. And strange though this may sound, I believe that tech entrepreneurs can learn a lot from business people who have succeeded in the world's emerging markets.
Entrepreneurs in Brazil or Nigeria know that it's pointless to wait for the government to provide the institutional and market infrastructure their businesses need, because that will simply take too long. They themselves must build support structures to compensate for what Krishna Palepu and I have referred to in earlier writings as “institutional voids.” They must create the conditions that will allow them to create successful products or services.
36.Which of the following is true about drones?
[A] It is under proper supervision. [B] It has multiple purposes.
[C] It is opposed by people. [D] It has no security problem.
37. It can be inferred from the second paragraph that ________.
[A] technology generally exceeds society’s coping capacity
[B] electric cars are funded by the state government
[C] tech entrepreneurs do not care about innovations
[D] Facebook gains massive success in the industry
38.“The early cars were slower than horses” reflects that innovation ________.
[A] may pose threat to regulators
[B] may have various impacts on society
[C] would arouse the opposition of the workers
[D] would undoubtedly replace old ways of transportation
39. According to Paragraph 4, the institutional disorder ________.
[A] is widely existing in industries
[B] is strange and interesting
[C] may be common but have some merits
[D] can be dealt with successfully
40. Entrepreneurs have to build support structures by themselves because ________.
[A] there exist institutional voids led by development
[B] they are eager to create successful products
[C] it is necessary for creating good services
[D] they may be more efficient than government
Part B
Directions: Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subtitle from the list A-G for each of the numbered paragraphs (41-45). There are two extra subtitles which you do not need to use. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)- Ask for help and let people know
- Stay enthusiastic and fascinated
- Let your interest do the part
- A bit of stress can be good
- Keep in mind your priority
- Give a try of meditation
- Know you’re not alone
Some students will feel a growing sense of dread as exam season approaches, while others may appear irritatingly unfazed. Shelly Asquith, vice president for welfare at the National Union of Students (NUS), says that exam confidence “comes with good wellbeing in general”.
“I don’t think it’s necessarily about feeling confident in yourself, but feeling that you’re able to do the work,” she says. But that’s easier said than done perhaps. So how can students manage anxiety and stress during exam time and still get the grades they need?
41.
It’s a good idea to talk to course mates and lecturers to share fears. You won’t be the only person who is nervous. Nadia Violets, who has recently completed a master’s at LSE, panicked during one of her exams when she first opened the paper.
Katrina Wigzell, 29, is in her last year studying nutrition at London Metropolitan University. She says she likes the pressure of exams, even though that makes her “a bit of an odd one”. “I work better that way,” she says. Her tips are to “learn your subject and remember you aren’t the only person who is stressed”.
42.
Asquith says it’s important to ask for help if you feel anxious or panicky. “Confidence comes through having good networks and knowing that you’ve got friends and support around you when you find it difficult to cope. It’s also about having access to certain services,” she says.
“There are routes available for you to get extenuating circumstances if you are suffering from mental ill health and can’t do the exam. If someone is having a panic attack then let a staff member know, because that’s not a state you should go into the exam in.”
43.
Choosing topics that inspire you will help you to feel enthusiastic. It will also mean that you are more inclined to focus on your work. “I ended up focusing on feminist theory around environmental philosophy,” Violets says. “Because it fascinated me, I managed to do really well.”
44.
Violets adds that prioritizing and identifying what is important at that moment and what isn’t is helpful. She says meditation is useful for this. “Like a lot of us, I get caught up in social things. At that point in your life, your priority needs to be your exams and your qualification.”
Asquith agrees that mindfulness meditation can help avoid last minute panics, because it teaches you how to acknowledge that “when you’re about to go into an exam there’s not much else you can do but just go through that experience.”
45.
A bit of stress can be good in exams, says Violets. “When I’m doing performances and I’m a bit blasé about them and I’m not stressed, I perform really badly. A bit of stress is essential.”
Professionals agree that a small amount of stress can be good. “Normal levels of stress can help you to work and think faster and more effectively, as well as improve your performance,” advises Catherine McPhail from the University of Dundee’s counselling service.
Section Ⅲ Translation
Directions: In this section there is a text in English. Translate it into Chinese, write your translation on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points)You have enough money in a savings account to pay it off — the sensible thing to do, since the interest rate on the credit-card balance far exceeds that earned on the savings.
Yet you leave the savings untouched, and pay only as much of the bill as your current-account balance allows. What looks a terrible choice to most economists makes perfect sense to Richard Thaler, who was awarded the Nobel Prize for economics for his work in behavioral economics. Mr. Thaler helped demonstrate how human reasoning diverges from that of the perfectly rational economic man used in most economic modeling. The world, and the field of economics, is better for his contributions.
Economists mostly recognize that normal people fall short of perfect rationality in day-to-day decision-making. Economic modeling requires simplification, however, and economists generally suppose that theories assuming people are well-informed and rational offer the best available account of economic activity.
Section Ⅳ Writing
Part A
47. Directions:Suppose you won a computer technology competition and your friend, Jack, wrote an email to congratulate you and ask for advice. Write him a reply to
1) thank him, and
2) give him suggestions
You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHETE.
Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter, use “Li Ming” instead.
Do not write the address. (10 points)
Part B
48. Directions:Write an essay based on the chart below. In your writing , you should
1) interpret the chart, and
2) give your comments
You should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)
