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宇宙吞噬:天文学家看到黑洞吞噬中子星
Talk about a heavy snack. For the first time, astronomers have witnessed a black hole swallowing a neutron star, the most dense object in the universe — all in a split-second gulp.
说一个重大新闻。天文学家第一次目睹了一个黑洞吞噬了宇宙中密度最大的物体——中子星——这一切都发生在一瞬间。
Ten days later they saw the same thing, on the other side of the universe. In both cases, a neutron star— a teaspoon of which would weigh a billion tons — orbits ever closer to that ultimate point of no return, a black hole, until they finally crash together and the neutron star is gone in a gobble.
10天后，他们在宇宙的另一边看到了同样的景象。在这两种情况下，一颗中子星——一茶匙的中子星重达10亿吨——的轨道会越来越接近黑洞这一不可逆转的点，直到它们最终相撞，中子星被吞噬。
Astronomers witnessed the last 500 orbits before the neutron stars were swallowed, a process that took far less than a minute and briefly generated as much energy as all the visible light in the observable universe.
天文学家目睹了中子星被吞噬前最后500个轨道，这一过程用了不到一分钟的时间，并在短时间内产生了相当于可观测宇宙中所有可见光的能量。
“It was just a big quick (gulp), gone,” said study co-author Patrick Brady, an astrophysicist at the University of Wisconsin Milwaukee. The black hole “gets a nice dinner of a neutron star and makes itself just a little bit more massive.”
威斯康星大学密尔沃基分校的天体物理学家，该研究的合著者帕特里克·布雷迪说：“它只是一大口就消失了。”黑洞“享用了一顿中子星的美餐，并仅仅使自己的质量增加了一点点。”
The bursts of energy from the collisions were discovered when detectors on Earth spotted the mergers' gravitational waves, cosmic energetic ripples soaring through space and time as first theorized by Albert Einstein. They each came from more than one billion light-years away. The waves were detected in January of 2020, but the study analyzing and interpreting the data by more than 100 scientists was published Tuesday in Astrophysical Journal Letters.
当地球上的探测器发现合并后的引力波时，发现了碰撞产生的能量爆发。引力波是由阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦首次提出的宇宙能量涟漪，在空间和时间中翱翔。它们都来自10亿光年之外。这些波是在2020年1月探测到的，但这项由100多名科学家分析和解释数据的研究周二发表在《天体物理学杂志快报》上。
While astronomers had seen gravitational waves from two black holes colliding with each other and two neutron stars colliding with each other, this is the first time they saw one of each crashing together.
虽然天文学家曾观测到两个黑洞相互碰撞和两个中子星相互碰撞产生的引力波，但这是他们第一次观测到其中一个相互碰撞。
Neutron stars are corpses of massive stars, what's leftover after a big star dies in a supernova explosion. They are so dense that they have about 1.5 to two times the mass of our sun, but condensed to about 6 miles (10 kilometers) wide, Brady said. Some black holes, known as stellar black holes, are created when an even bigger star collapses into itself creating something with such powerful gravity that not even light can escape.
中子星是大质量恒星的尸体，是大恒星在超新星爆炸中死亡后的残留物。布雷迪说，它们的密度非常大，质量大约是太阳的1.5到2倍，但浓缩到约6英里(10公里)宽。一些黑洞，被称为恒星黑洞，是当一颗更大的恒星坍缩时产生的，产生了强大的引力，以至于光都无法逃脱。
Scientists think there should be many of these neutron star and black hole pairings, but they’ve yet to find one in our own galaxy.
科学家们认为应该有很多这样的中子星和黑洞配对，但他们还没有在我们的星系中发现。
“This is very cool,” said Johns Hopkins University astrophysicist Marc Kamionkowski, who wasn’t part of the research. He said this will help astronomers predict how abundant these pairings are.
“这太酷了，”约翰霍普金斯大学的天体物理学家马克·卡米考斯基说，他没有参与这项研究。他说，这将有助于天文学家预测这些配对有多丰富。
